Open Earth

On this day: 31 January

The deadliest recorded disaster on 31 January was the 1906 magnitude 8.8 earthquake near Off Coast, which killed 1,000 people.

Historic disasters

23

Recorded deaths

1,935

Eruptions began

12

Major events since 1900

20

Disasters on 31 January in history

Damaging earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions from the NOAA Natural Hazards database, deadliest first.

  • M8.8 earthquake, Off Coast

    31 January 1906EcuadorTriggered a tsunami1,000 killed

  • M6.4 earthquake, Badakhstan, Baghlan, Laghman, Nagarhar

    31 January 1991Afghanistan848 killed200 injured$36m damage

  • M5.0 earthquake, Yanacoa, Pampamarca

    31 January 1943Peru75 killed200 injured

  • M6.4 earthquake, S Mindanao: Glan,Glan Padidu,Tuyan

    31 January 1917PhilippinesTriggered a tsunami7 killed2 injured

  • M6.2 earthquake, Baluchistan

    31 January 2018Afghanistan2 killed15 injured

  • M6.3 earthquake, Zakinthos (Zante)

    31 January 1893Greece2 killed

  • M5.2 earthquake, Pastaza

    31 January 2018Ecuador1 killed

  • Tsunami, East Epi Volcano

    31 January 2023VanuatuWaves up to 0.05 m

  • East Epi eruption (VEI 1)

    31 January 2023Vanuatu

  • M5.9 earthquake, Tajikistan

    31 January 1977Tajikistan

  • M7.0 earthquake, Solomon Islands

    31 January 1974Solomon IslandsTriggered a tsunami

  • M5.1 earthquake, Yunnan Province

    31 January 1966China

  • M4.5 earthquake, Slovenia: Ilirska Bistrica,Koseze

    31 January 1956Slovenia

  • M7.6 earthquake, Northern

    31 January 1922USA

  • Earthquake, Costa Rica-Panama

    31 January 1916Costa RicaTriggered a tsunami

  • M6.0 earthquake, Tasmania

    31 January 1907AustraliaTriggered a tsunami

  • Earthquake, Caracas

    31 January 1906VenezuelaTriggered a tsunami

  • Earthquake, Koeta Radja (Atjeh)

    31 January 1886IndonesiaTriggered a tsunami

  • Earthquake, Vathy-Chora (Samos)

    31 January 1873Greece

  • M6.1 earthquake, Thera Island (Santorini)

    31 January 1866GreeceTriggered a tsunami52 homes destroyed

  • Tsunami, Tasman Sea

    31 January 1858Australia

  • Tsunami, Baleares

    31 January 1756Spain

  • M7.3 earthquake, Dodecanese; Crete; Cyprus; Egypt

    31 January 1741GreeceTriggered a tsunami

Major events from our live records

Big earthquakes and major disasters on 31 January in recent decades.

Eruptions that began on 31 January

From the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program eruption record.

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